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Our shows that parents who express empathy toward their teenagers may give teens a head start in developing the skill themselves. In addition, adolescents who show empathy and support toward their friends are more likely to become supportive parents, which may foster empathy in their own offspring.
How we did our work
The at the University of Virginia has for more than 25 years: from age 13 well into their 30s.
Starting in 1998, teens came to the university every year with their parents and closest friend, and a recorded videos of their conversations. Researchers observed how much empathy the mother showed to her 13-year-old when her teen needed help with a problem. We measured empathy by rating how present and engaged mothers were in the conversation, whether they had an accurate understanding of their teen鈥檚 problem, and how much help and emotional support they offered.
Then, each year until teens were 19 years old, we observed whether teens showed those same types of toward their .
A decade later, when some of those same teens were starting to have children of their own, we surveyed them about their own parenting. We also asked them about their young children鈥檚 empathy. For example, parents rated how often their child 鈥渢ries to understand how others feel鈥� and 鈥渢ries to comfort others.鈥�
that the more empathic a mother was toward her teenager at age 13, the more empathic the teen was toward their close friends across the adolescent years. Among teens who later had kids themselves, the ones who had shown more empathy for close friends as adolescents became more supportive parents as adults. In turn, these parents鈥� supportive responses to their children鈥檚 distress were associated with reports of their young children鈥檚 empathy.
Why it matters
The ability to empathize with other people in adolescence is a critical skill for maintaining , , preventing and having good communication skills and more satisfying relationships .
Adults want teens to develop good social skills and moral character, but simply telling them to be kind doesn鈥檛 always work. Our findings suggest that if parents hope to raise empathic teens, it may be helpful to give them firsthand experiences of being understood and supported.
But teens also need and refine these skills with their peers. Adolescent friendships may be an essential 鈥渢raining ground鈥� for teens to such as empathy, how to respond effectively to other people鈥檚 suffering, and supportive caregiving abilities that they can put to use as parents. Our lab鈥檚 most recent paper presents some of the first evidence that having supportive teenage friendships matters for future parenting.
What鈥檚 next
We鈥檙e continuing to follow these participants to understand how their experiences with parents and peers during adolescence might play a role in how the next generation develops. We鈥檙e also curious to understand what factors might interrupt intergenerational cycles of low empathy, aggression and harsh parenting. For example, it鈥檚 possible that having supportive friends could compensate for a lack of empathy experienced from one鈥檚 family.
While it鈥檚 true that you can鈥檛 choose your family, you can choose your friends. Empowering teens to choose friendships characterized by mutual understanding and support could have long-term ripple effects for the next generation.
The is a short take on interesting academic work.
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